Which of the following statements about Plummer-Vincent syndrome is true?

• A. Iron deficiency is a feature
• B. Atrophic oral and gastric mucosa
• C. Dysphagia and angular cheilitis
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Plummer-Vincent syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms that includes iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and atrophic changes in the mucous membranes. Understanding each of these components helps clarify why the statement that all of the provided options are true is accurate.

In this syndrome, iron deficiency is indeed a prominent feature, leading to anemia that may cause symptoms like fatigue and weakness. Atrophic changes in the oral and gastric mucosa are also observed due to nutritional deficiencies that accompany this condition. This atrophy can lead to additional complications, such as dysphagia, as the esophageal mucosa may be affected, making it difficult to swallow.

Furthermore, angular cheilitis, which presents as inflammation and cracks at the corners of the mouth, is commonly associated with the nutritional deficiencies seen in Plummer-Vincent syndrome and contributes to the overall clinical picture.

The combination of these symptoms encapsulates the essence of Plummer-Vincent syndrome, thereby validating that all listed aspects are indeed characteristics of this condition.